If its Win98, Win95, WinMe then you can just boot right off and it will install any needed drivers.
If its WinXp+, since its the same MOBO and hopefully same Video Card, it might just work. If not WinXp will give you the Blue Screen of Death.
Just try it out, it won't hurt you at all. Worse come to worst, intall the OS then you put back MAME stuff.
The Best setup for this sort ofthing.
Create a Partition for just MAME stuff (Drive D:)
Install OS on Partition C: so when you need to upgrade your hardware, you can always wipe C: to install a fresh OS leaving all the stuff on Drive D: