Penjuin, the part you're not getting is that a JAMMA game board is like a complete self-contained computer. It has sound output, video output, etc. Like a computer, it needs a power supply. It also needs controls, which are interfaced to it via the JAMMA harness (harness is just a connector with wires going out to all the controls, the power supply, the monitor, etc).
So, you see, what you're describing is connecting one kind of "computer" to another computer. And the answer is, you can't do it.
You can output the video to your PC monitor, yes, but an RGB to VGA converter is expensive. And connecting a keyboard to a JAMMA board? Can't do it.
If it HAS to run on your PC then use MAME!