I've been doing professional video game programming for 15 years now, and for PC/consoles it's pretty much just C++ and Visual Studio.  The Unity engine is C#, but that's the exception.  One nice thing is that with the latest generation of consoles they're pretty much just PC's, so you can target Xbox One/PS4/PC without too much extra work.  If you're looking to mess around with game programming I would highly recommend Unreal 4, it's very well done.  Unity has some nice aspects too, especially if you're into C#.