I downloaded aDosBox, and got the old .36 romset and binary. Installed everything to the Transformer, and tried to run Mame. Surprisingly enough, it does function... I was able to boot both puckman and digdug... but it's running at less than a frame per second. Not exactly playable.
I tried to speed up aDosBox by raising it's CPU cycles option to the max, but I am having a real hard time telling if the option stuck. Nothing I've done seems to affect the speed of the rendering. I've been fooling around with it for a few hours and I think I'm going to give it up.
Moving on...

@cotmm68030 I can't find that emulator anywhere on the Android Market and it hasn't been updated in over a year. Perhaps it is dead or was removed?
@lilwolf I'm not a programmer at all, but it does seem like java is a good vector for getting things onto Android. Have you played with Google's App Inventor program for Android? I don't know if that would make the process any easier, but it looks pretty cool.