Linux is worse than Windows about data loss, when something went wrong on the hardrive. If you fortmat in Linux, the change to recover a formatted drive is same as 0. On Windows only index is really formatted, and you can still recover files with a recover applications which typical cost around 30-50$. Try the demos of them first, if they can find the files, then it whould recover them with the full version. Demo versions typical max recover 64kb of each file.
Make Sure NOT to write ANYTHING on the harddrive, because the demanged files might been overwrite, so you need second harddrive to move your files to.