Mine are put in from the inside. Pilot drilled holes and countersunk screws, a good layer of glue in the joint to boot. If you are worried about capacity, just use a wider board for the shelf support. I usually use 3/4" plywood or MDO for these types of supports, and might cut them 4" wide or so to give more surface area for the glue.
BTW the key to this working is the glue. It does the heavy lifting. Dry fit your support, screw holes and all, and then glueit and screwit.
Typically I also Dado a groove for the shelf or support to sit in, but if your cabinet is already assembled, it's too late for that.