Calamity:
I'm ready for help
groovymame0148 up and running.
It's doing the same as before, filling the screen vertically(1080), correct aspect, fuzzy.
I'd like either a) 1080high crisp or preferably b) 4x256=1024high and crisp.
a) GM forces -filter on when fractional stretching is applied. All you need to do is forcing -filter off, but you can't do this from mame.ini as the SwitchRes patch has higher priority. Either use a game specific ini file or the vertical.ini file for that.
b) GM is already doing that, at least here

Ok, I've downloaded GroovyUME 0.148u2 Windows 64bit from
here. I've created ume.ini and edited the roms path, "monitor lcd", and "aspect ratio 16:9". I've set my monitor resolution at 1920x1080 to match yours. Now when I launch galaxian I get two nice borders up and down and a crisp picture. I've attached my ume.ini, log, and a picture

The important bit is here:
SwitchRes: [galaxian] (1) vertical (224x256@60.61)->(1920x1080@60.00)
rng(0): 1920 x1080_60.000p 67.080 [integ] scale(4, 4, 1) diff(0.17, 5.10, -0.6061) ratio(8.571, 4.219)
As you see [integ] means integer scaling, 4 is the scaling factor, etc.