I've been using MAME v.103 for awhile but recently went to v.127
Unfortunately I noticed that my artwork files no longer worked
and found out the reason why:
link-- basically, there was a change after v.107.
So I downloaded the new artwork from the site link above
and tried some out. The new Asteroids layout looks like this:

which is ok, but I miss the screen burn-in of my old artwork file.
It always impressed my friends that someone actually thought
to simulate that.
So, I messed around with the .lay file today and think I have
an acceptable workaround. The zip file is too big to attach, but
I've attached the .lay file and the burn-in image, so all you will
have to do is save the attachments and add them to your
asteroids.zip artwork file. Hope you like them, let me know!
Here's a preview of what it looks like:

Additional note: you'll need to rename the asteroid.lay.txt file
to asteroid.lay before adding it to your asteroid.zip file