"Out of range" and your new pictures indicate that the builder used a real arcade monitor instead of a PC monitor. That's why the HD won't work in another computer- it's forcing the video card in the computer to output a 15k arcade signal instead of a regular VGA signal, and the computer monitor doesn't like it.
If the problem is that somebody broke the video card on the computer in the cab, buy an exact replacement for that video card on ebay- same brand, same model. By now it'll be old and cheap. Put the PC back together and cross your fingers.
Also, if it works, I'd reccomend having somebody make a backup copy of that harddrive for you, so that when it fails you won't be out in the cold again.