No point at this time for dual core as none of the emulators take advantage of them. Down the road there is always room for improved performance but who knows who or what dual core will be required for.
Mame does now on a couple games, if you enable the -multithreading (or -mt for short) option. Performance increase, from what I hear, is about 5% to 15% for the very few games that support it, -3% to +4% for those that don't
Add that the core 2 is the pretty much the best CPU for mame ATM (ignoring price), and it doesn't come out in a solo model yet. Don't get confused between the "core 2 duo" and the older "core duo" & "core solo"; the core duo/solo are closer related to the Pentium M than the core 2 duo. Dual coring a P4 or Athlon, OTOH, is probably not worth it.
I'd say go core 2, athlon64, or core, in that order, and stay away from the P4 if you can help it.