The main difference I've noticed is the mass/momentum of the balls themselves. PC trackballs are made for precise control with your stationary hand, while arcade trackballs are made for gross control with a whole moving arm behind it. The mechanisms are functionally the same, although the PC is most certainly the less robust of the breed.
If you want the feel of the arcade with the ease and space of a PC unit, try to find a 2 1/4 inch PC trackball, and replace the ball with a higher density arcade ball.
I use a 4" Atari Football Tracball (talk about massive balls

) interfaced with the USB OptiPAC, and have had no problem with backspin on my Mac in any application including MacMAME. Your Windows experience may vary.