The whole discussion is relative. If I had to start from scratch with no tools and build a cabinet with bare minimum in tool investment, I would get the following:
1. Circular Saw (corded)
2. Router (non-plunge & 1/2" collet)
3. Reciprocating saw ("jigsaw")
4. Cordless Drill
Accessories:
1. 1/2" straight, 3-flute bit
2. 1/2" pattern bit (bit with bearing for matching a pattern)
3. 1 1/8" forstner bit (for button holes)
4. assorted twist drill bits
5. Countersink bit for #6 & #8 woodscrews
6. Pack of BOSCH brand jigsaw blades
7. As many 30" f-type clamps as I could afford
8. a bottle of white or wood glue
Using these items and some consumeables, (sandpaper, etc.) you could build anything from a basic to a very nice and complex cabinet.
This list of tools also includes some very dangerous items, and items (router comes to mind) that take some study and practice to use well.
The most important tool you have at your disposal is the internet. As I started my woodworking obsession, I spent HOURS on line. I read forums, articles, how-tos galore. I learned the terminology. I saved one metric ton of favorite sites and pages. I scrounged scrap wood for practice, and got very familiar with my tools...
Then I built a cabinet, and it came out great!