if you use oil based primer, then you should really only use oil based paint on top, whereas you can put anything over water based primer.
I was under the impression that it was the other way around. Oil primer can be coated with either but latex primer can only have a latex topcoat? Fact is either way would probably work just fine but maybe someone can clarify.
Having worked in a paint shop for six and a half years, although this was a few years ago, I would tend to disagree with the quote by danny_galaga.
Generally, any paint can go over any primer - water over oil and oil over water - or so I was taught here in NZ.
As for the paint types:
Acrylic/Latex/Water-base are all water-thinned;
Alkyd/Enamel/Oil-base are all turps-thinned.
Apart from these types, there is also lacquer (as previously noted by another poster), automotive and marine paints.
In the city where I live, a local joinery company has used automotive paint on kitchen cabinets, with great results.
Hope this helps.
giskiwi
AFTERTHOUGHT: water-base/acrylic is preferable as primer on mdf, oil-base/enamel can soften and degrade the glues etc used in the manufacture of the mdf.