Unless you gave the board a HUGE bolt of static zap (and at the absolute wrong place), I'm willing to bet one of 2 things are causing your problem, based on what others said. Even when zapped, i've not seen boards not give any sign of power up life. They will beep or start booting only to lock up later typically.
1) The case had an intrusion detection switch and refuses power up unless the appropriate jumpers are crossed on the motherboard
2) You didn't reconnect the power switch correctly.
Since we're talking P4's here and not classic Pentium1's, we're dealing with ATX power supplies, so the switch is a simple single pole, single throw momentary switch offering all of 5 volts maximum through it (unlike old computers where you physically switched the entire 120 volt load through a Click on/Click off, not momentary switch.
Therefore follow the leads from the switch back to the motherboard. Double check the leads are connecting to the correct 2 jumpers. If they are, remove them, and then CAREFULLY take the tip of a ball point pen, or other similar metal object (small screwdriver, tweezers, etc..) and touch exactly both of the pins (and no others) that the power switch is supposed to connect to on the motherboard header. If it doesn't turn on after touching for a half second, and you're absolutely sure they're the right pins, then it isn't the power switch at fault. Double check the markings on the board against the manual against an online description, sometimes these boards are not marked correclty, and I presume you had to disconnect all of these to remove it from your case.
Look for a jumper labeled (or see your doc) about a Chassis Intrusion detection jumper. If there is one, see if it's supposed to be jumpered or not in order to work (normally open or normally closed). Make it the opposite of what it is now, then attempt to do the power again.
I'm betting one of these two things are your problem. If not, double check that the entire ATX power cable is secure in the socket on the motherboard. Ensure your ram is fully seated. Pull out ALL card other than 1 stick of ram and your video card. Try booting it then.
Also, if you could post a picture of the jumper block where you've reconnected all the switches to, we could look at it and see if you've messed something up as well.
Also, are you getting ANY sign of life? Is the fan on the CPU spinning for even a moment when you press the switch? Check your PCI/AGP cards.. They normally have a silver piece of metal sticking down below the motherboard that slides into a socket in the case. If you have the board flat against a board, then you may not be putting the cards in the slot fully and they may be shorting out or at the very least not connecting and it is possible (though not likely) this is preventing a power up.
Are there any leads/switches/buttons you left in the case that are no longer connected to the board?