This is something I have wanted to do for a while. I'm a teacher my self but do to a recent move for my wife's job, I'm currently with out a school.
Attractmode is a good looking Open source FE thats primarily developed for LINUX but has ports for MacOS and Windows as well. I have never tried to do it my self, but apparently you can use MALA and hyperspin themes in it as well.
I plan to one day build a Vigolix stile cab to run
Tuxmath using square arcade buttons set in a number pad as controls. I used TuxMath last year as a second grade teacher, but replace the back ground art assets to photos I took around the school, swiping out stock art assets for custom ones is a really nice way to personalize a simple game. My class of 7-8 year olds loved saving the school from a meteor shower.
If your planning on having the students build cabs in small groups, having them build dedicated ones around simple educational games for elementary school kids may not be a bad idea. You could probably arrange a class trip to an Elementary school for your classes to do feel testing.