Welcome aboard, Juggrnt1.

I have an owners manual but don't know how to read it to find part names. I want to replace a nonworking fluorescent light fixture but can't find what the name/type is, or how it connects inside.
If you look on page 31 of the manual PDF
here you can find the part numbers for the ballast, starter, and 18" 15W bulb. (not sure if those part numbers will help you, though)
You can probably find replacement parts like the bulb/starter/ballast at your local Lowes/Home Depot.
Black ring near the end of the bulb ==> replace the bulb.

If you need to replace the starter or ballast, take the old one to the store so you can find an exact replacement.
If you need to replace the whole fixture (18" 15 Watt bulb), the wiring diagram for power going to the light fixture is on the upper right of page 44 of the PDF.
-- The green-yellow wire leading to the fixture should be attached to the green or bare (ground) wire inside the fixture.
*** Keep hot and neutral wired the same wire colors they are attached to now.***
-- The violet-yellow wire leading to the fixture looks like it should be attached to the black (hot) wire inside the fixture.
-- The violet wire leading to the fixture looks like it should be attached to the white (neutral) wire inside the fixture.
There's more info on fluorescent light fixtures at
http://www.diyadvice.com/diy/electrical/repair/fluorescents/.
The fixture in your cab works the same and the inside is wired the same as the ones used in a kitchen.
Scott