I could fabricate a replacement of the original.
That sounds like a really cool idea if you can pull it off.

Bonus points if someone can make a 3-D printable version.
Check out the parts breakdown on page 20 of the Wild Western manual
here.
Do you think the ROM dump was modified to allow MAME to work with other controls?
No, based on the cam (item 12) shown on page 20.
The wider part presses only one of the four microswitches when the center of the wide part is pointed at a microswitch nub.
If you turn the cam 45 degrees, the wide part now presses two microswitches -- just like hitting a diagonal on an 8-way stick.
Theoretically if the ROM dump is unchanged, wouldn't a repro rotary switch just work if the signals were mapped correctly to an encoder?
If you use a 4 microswitch rotary setup, yes.
If you use a standard 8-position rotary switch, no, since each click turns to a separate contact.
- Position 1 is 0 degrees
- Position 2 is 45 degrees (the diodes are needed to make this position register as a diagonal)
- Position 3 is 90 degrees

This shows the guts of a rotary switch with limited turn range. (image borrowed from
here)

The original is just a series of 5 micro switches, right? (I can't find a good picture of the underside of the knob)
Yes.
http://newwiki.arcadecontrols.com/index.php?title=Joystick_Database
If one was to repro a Sheriff, the best bet would be to use an rPie with a boot to the ROM. And if the GPIO has enough empty sits on the Pi, just wire the controls directly to it. No?
Use whatever brain/encoder you want as long as it can handle 12 or 21 inputs.
- 1 input for Coin 1 (No Coin 2 input in MAME)
- 2 inputs for Start 1/Start 2
- 4 or 8 inputs, 4 for each 8-way joystick
- 5 or 10 inputs, 5 for each rotary/push controller
Scott
EDIT: AFAIK, there are
6 games that use this rotary control.
- Bandido
- Front Line **(needs a grenade/tank button)
- Sheriff
- The Tin Star **(needs a jump button)
- Western Gun Part II
- Wild Western **(needs a jump button)
EDIT 2: Looking at the upright cab CPs, it appears that they all had one joystick and one rotary control.
Schematics and MAME show two sets of controls -- pretty sure that was for cocktail cabs.