Running mame under linux, you can also turn off bezels by passing the option -nouse_bezels. You might also want to disable backdrops and overlays with -nouse_backdrops and -nouse_overlays.
The method of setting the ini file should work too, but my guess is that the front end is running mame from some other directory than where you created the .ini file, and it isn't finding the ini file that you created.