Dowels really aren't necessary. Screws and Titebond wood glue are all you need. Actually, the screws are optional, too. Of course, you also need a good design. Assuming your cabinet is solid, I'd just glue and screw two pieces of wood on either side of the cabinet and put a shelf of 3/4" plywood across it. The screws are mainly to hold the wood in place while the glue dries. If your monitor is heavy enough that the shelf sags, run a brace from the left side of the cabinet to the right side. End grain doesn't glue well, so I'd run long screws into the brace from the outside of the cabinet. Countersink them and fill with putty or Bondo before painting. You want the edge (narrow side) of the brace against the plywood shelf.