I performed the speed test comparison between patch 015b/015c and SDL/SDL2. With the same ume.ini configuration, a speed drop is visible between 015b_SDL and 015c_SDL. It could be related to the configuration file I used. I assume SDL2 is also affected by the same effect. But definitely, speed is not reduced with a magnitude of 1/2.
Command used:
# Linux 32 bit, single CPU
ume <rom> -seconds_to_run 60
Configuration:
#
# CORE CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
#
readconfig 1
writeconfig 0
#
# CORE SEARCH PATH OPTIONS
#
rompath /home/roms/MAME/roms;/home/roms/BIOS_roms
hashpath $HOME/hash
samplepath /home/roms/MAME/samples
artpath /home/roms/MAME/artwork
ctrlrpath /home/roms/MAME/ctrlr
inipath $HOME/.ume;$HOME;.;$HOME/ini
fontpath /home/roms/MAME/fonts
cheatpath /home/roms/MAME/cheat
crosshairpath /home/roms/MAME/crosshair
#
# CORE OUTPUT DIRECTORY OPTIONS
#
cfg_directory $HOME/cfg
nvram_directory $HOME/nvram
memcard_directory $HOME/memcard
input_directory $HOME/inp
state_directory $HOME/sta
snapshot_directory $HOME/snap
diff_directory $HOME/diff
comment_directory $HOME/comments
#
# CORE OUTPUT DIRECTORY OPTIONS
#
hiscore_directory $HOME/hi
#
# CORE STATE/PLAYBACK OPTIONS
#
state
autosave 0
playback
record
mngwrite
aviwrite
wavwrite
snapname %g/%i
snapsize auto
snapview internal
statename %g
burnin 0
#
# CORE PERFORMANCE OPTIONS
#
autoframeskip 0
frameskip 0
seconds_to_run 0
throttle 1
syncrefresh 0
sleep 1
speed 1.0
refreshspeed 0
#
# CORE ROTATION OPTIONS
#
rotate 1
ror 0
rol 0
autoror 0
autorol 0
flipx 0
flipy 0
#
# CORE ARTWORK OPTIONS
#
artwork_crop 1
use_backdrops 0
use_overlays 0
use_bezels 0
use_cpanels 0
use_marquees 0
#
# CORE SCREEN OPTIONS
#
brightness 1.0
contrast 1.0
gamma 1.0
pause_brightness 0.65
effect none
#
# CORE VECTOR OPTIONS
#
antialias 1
beam 1.0
flicker 0
#
# CORE SOUND OPTIONS
#
sound 1
samplerate 48000
samples 1
volume 0
#
# CORE INPUT OPTIONS
#
coin_lockout 1
ctrlr
mouse 0
joystick 0
lightgun 1
multikeyboard 0
multimouse 0
steadykey 0
ui_active 0
offscreen_reload 1
joystick_map auto
joystick_deadzone 0.3
joystick_saturation 0.85
natural 0
joystick_contradictory 0
coin_impulse 0
#
# CORE INPUT AUTOMATIC ENABLE OPTIONS
#
paddle_device keyboard
adstick_device keyboard
pedal_device keyboard
dial_device keyboard
trackball_device keyboard
lightgun_device lightgun
positional_device keyboard
mouse_device lightgun
#
# CORE DEBUGGING OPTIONS
#
log 0
verbose 0
update_in_pause 0
debug 0
debugscript
debug_internal 0
#
# CORE MISC OPTIONS
#
drc 1
drc_use_c 0
bios
cheat 0
skip_gameinfo 0
uifont default
ramsize
confirm_quit 0
ui_mouse 0
autoboot_command
autoboot_delay 2
autoboot_script
http 0
http_port 8080
http_path web
#
# CORE MKChamp OPTIONS
#
disable_hiscore_patch 0
disable_nagscreen_patch 0
disable_loading_patch 1
#
# CORE SWITCHRES OPTIONS
#
modeline_generation 1
monitor custom
orientation horizontal
connector auto
interlace 1
doublescan 1
cleanstretch 0
changeres 1
powerstrip 0
#AWK test AVGA 0 / Other 1
lock_system_modes 1
lock_unsupported_modes 1
#AWK test AVGA 1 / Other 0
refresh_dont_care 0
dotclock_min 0
sync_refresh_tolerance 2.0
frame_delay 0
black_frame_insertion 0
modeline auto
ps_timing auto
lcd_range auto
#example
#crt_range0 15700-16200, 50-62, 1.098, 3.293, 6.587, 0.064, 0.160, 0.550, 0, 0, 192, 248, 0, 0
#crt_range1 15700-16200, 50-62, 1.098, 3.293, 6.587, 0.064, 0.160, 0.550, 0, 0, 249, 256, 0, 0
#crt_range2 20500-21000, 50-62, 0.782, 4.693, 4.693, 0.986, 0.148, 1.380, 0, 0, 257, 288, 0, 0
#crt_range3 22000-22500, 50-62, 0.782, 4.693, 4.693, 0.986, 0.148, 1.380, 0, 0, 289, 320, 0, 0
# Format:
#crt_range 0-9 HfreqMin-HfreqMax, VfreqMin-VfreqMax, HFrontPorch, HSyncPulse, HBackPorch, VfrontPorch, VSyncPulse, VBackPorch, HSyncPol, VSyncPol, ProgressiveLinesMin, ProgressiveLinesMax, InterlacedLinesMin, InterlacedLinesMax
crt_range0 "15625-16200, 55.10-65.00, 2.000, 5.700, 8.000, 0.064, 0.192, 1.024, 0, 0, 192, 240, 0, 0"
crt_range1 "15625-16200, 49.50-54.253, 2.000, 5.700, 8.000, 0.064, 0.192, 1.024, 0, 0, 192, 256, 0, 0"
crt_range2 "15625-16200, 49.50-65.00, 2.000, 5.700, 8.000, 0.064, 0.192, 1.024, 0, 0, 0, 0, 448, 576"
crt_range3 auto
crt_range4 auto
crt_range5 auto
crt_range6 auto
crt_range7 auto
crt_range8 auto
crt_range9 auto
#
# DEBUGGING OPTIONS
#
oslog 0
watchdog 0
#
# PERFORMANCE OPTIONS
#
multithreading 1
#numprocessors auto
sdlvideofps 0
bench 0
#
# VIDEO OPTIONS
#
video opengl
numscreens 1
window 0
maximize 1
keepaspect 0
unevenstretch 0
centerh 1
centerv 1
waitvsync 1
scalemode none
#
# OpenGL-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
#
filter 0
prescale 1
gl_forcepow2texture 0
gl_notexturerect 0
gl_vbo 1
gl_pbo 1
gl_glsl 0
gl_glsl_filter 1
glsl_shader_mame0 /home/arcade/CRT/shader/glsl_plain
glsl_shader_mame1 /home/arcade/CRT/CRT-geom
glsl_shader_mame2 none
glsl_shader_mame3 none
glsl_shader_mame4 none
glsl_shader_mame5 none
glsl_shader_mame6 none
glsl_shader_mame7 none
glsl_shader_mame8 none
glsl_shader_mame9 none
glsl_shader_screen0 none
glsl_shader_screen1 none
glsl_shader_screen2 none
glsl_shader_screen3 none
glsl_shader_screen4 none
glsl_shader_screen5 none
glsl_shader_screen6 none
glsl_shader_screen7 none
glsl_shader_screen8 none
glsl_shader_screen9 none
gl_glsl_vid_attr 1
#
# PER-WINDOW VIDEO OPTIONS
#
screen auto
aspect auto
resolution auto
view auto
screen0 auto
aspect0 auto
resolution0 auto
view0 auto
screen1 auto
aspect1 auto
resolution1 auto
view1 auto
screen2 auto
aspect2 auto
resolution2 auto
view2 auto
screen3 auto
aspect3 auto
resolution3 auto
view3 auto
#
# FULL SCREEN OPTIONS
#
switchres 1
useallheads 0
#
# SOUND OPTIONS
#
audio_latency 1.5
#
# SDL KEYBOARD MAPPING
#
keymap 0
keymap_file keymap.dat
uimodekey SCRLOCK
#
# SDL JOYSTICK MAPPING
#
joy_idx1 auto
joy_idx2 auto
joy_idx3 auto
joy_idx4 auto
joy_idx5 auto
joy_idx6 auto
joy_idx7 auto
joy_idx8 auto
sixaxis 0
#
# SDL LIGHTGUN MAPPING
#
lightgun_index1 WiiMote0
lightgun_index2 WiiMote1
lightgun_index3 auto
lightgun_index4 auto
lightgun_index5 auto
lightgun_index6 auto
lightgun_index7 auto
lightgun_index8 auto
#
# SDL LOWLEVEL DRIVER OPTIONS
#
videodriver auto
audiodriver auto
gl_lib auto
Rom1: mwalk
SDL 015b Average speed: 99.96% (59 seconds)
SDL 015c Average speed: 97.70% (59 seconds)
SDL2 015c Average speed: 97.84% (59 seconds)
Rom2: boblbobl
SDL 015b Average speed: 100.07% (59 seconds)
SDL 015c Average speed: 100.07% (59 seconds)
SDL2 015c Average speed: 100.07% (59 seconds)