What's the second best solution to an external potentiometer?
You can tell GroovyMAME to stretch things starting at a certain vertical resolution, for instance 256 lines. This way, a 288 lines resolution will be calculated using the upper range (25 kHz in this case) and stretched as 768i, which should fit within your vertical adjustment and still allow better definition than what you'd get by stretching it over a lower resolution (e.g. 256p).
This is easily achieved by doing this:
monitor customcrt_range0 15625-16200, 49.50-65.00, 2.000, 4.700, 8.000, 0.064, 0.192, 1.024, 0, 0, 192,
256, 448, 576
crt_range1 24960-24960, 49.50-65.00, 0.800, 4.000, 3.200, 0.080, 0.200, 1.000, 0, 0, 384, 400, 768, 800
crt_range2 31400-31500, 49.50-65.00, 0.940, 3.770, 1.890, 0.349, 0.064, 1.017, 0, 0, 400, 512, 0, 0
Notice the remarked 256 value, this sets the upper limit for progressive resolutions in the 15-16 kHz range. It's usually set as 288.