Thanks for the reply!
I first tried hooking up a saturn, dreamcast, and then genesis. The genesis gave picture that was most coherent, but still far from playable.
I then tried hooking it up directly to the VGA card per your suggestion but still didn't get a picture. I'd get some red lines but nothing coherent.
I'll get a multimeter and try reading the levels- I have access to any resistors or other parts that may be needed. The board you linked to is nice but kind of expensive if it doesn't end up helping me!