In Firefox: History->Recently Closed Tabs -or- right-click on the tab bar, wherever you have that, and hit "Undo close tab".
Firefox does dump basically everything but the URL the instant you close the tab, so it will "reload" the page when you re-open it. Everything that was on the page before should be cached, but it'll hit the server to make sure everything's up to date, and it will re-render the page.
Chrome generally irks me with its UI choices, so I've stuck with Firefox. The extension selection for Firefox is also quite nice. Sadly, Firefox seems to be breaking more than they fix these days, and the dev team seems hell bent on emulating all the things I don't like about Chrome, so I may end up finding something else. For now, I just disable all the new UI crap with every version (basically, my FF still looks like 4.0). Chrome's javascript engine has been much faster on many common workloads, which is nice, though Firefox 13 did quite a bit to help with that.
I've found the Gecko engine to generally behave a little more like I'd expect it to when it comes to its CSS implementation, but that may be that I'm biased for having used it for over a decade (since at least "Mozilla Milestone 18"!). Webkit (Chrome and Safari) seems to have a few quirks that do vary depending on which final product you use. Opera seems to be on-par with Firefox in terms of behaving as expected. Safari was still, last I checked, missing support for a few random things that Chrome, Firefox, and Opera were all supported (WOFF fonts, for example).
I'm told that IE10 is looking to actually be a passable browser, but anybody who's actually been using IE since 6 was actually new and current should probably have their head examined.
I don't have a ton of experience with Opera or Safari, but they seem to behave. IE is the one I'm always having to hack pages up to work with, though I'll admit IE9 (and IE8, to a large degree) at least gets the basics right - it's just lacking a lot of modern eye candy support.