The US DOD has converted to metric for all their new designs, but they still support a LOT of old designs.
It's not necessarily a computer aided thing; machining in the US has long used decimal inches going back to before metric was particularly popular or even known amongst the general population, here. It's relatively easy to convert a fractional inch into decimal inches, and the utility of fractional values really starts to diminish when you get to teeny tiny quantities where "being able to easily divide it by several common factors" is no longer an issue.
Essentially all cars, both designed in the US and overseas are fully metric these days (with some weird exceptions for things like tires, which have F'd up sizing globally). It kinda pissed off all the mechanics, since they had to go buy new tools, but that would have happened anyway since you're going to have to work on "imports" these days whether you want to or not.
There are also a lot of old standards defined in inches. One thing that really irks me is when something was clearly designed in inches but is specified using metric measures as "authoritative". I've even seen some (really bad) datasheets that would take a part designed on a 1/10" grid, convert it to mm, round 2.54mm off to 2.5mm, then call that measure the "authoritative" measure, giving the 0.1" dimension "for reference only", even though it was actually the correct one.
In general, I frequently use both systems of measurement. My CAD software will happily let me pick what I'm using. I can freely intermix e.g. a metric snap grid with an imperial database/display. Some parts are designed in inches and work well on an inch based grid, while other parts are designed in metric and work better on a mm grid. I've also found occasional use for 1/4mm spacing, which would itself be something of a "hybrid" oddity. I do tend to create my production artwork measured in inches, but I give 'em 5 decimal places, so it doesn't really matter. My fabricator will happily accept files in either format, but I know inches are far more popular (I've asked their CAM people).
I prefer to pick one system and stick with it as the "authoritative" system on a project. What I pick mostly revolves around what I have to work with in terms of outside materials and interface. I do use inches for circuit boards usually since I find the mil a very convenient unit for that purpose, but I often get grumbles from people for spec'ing M2.5 screws (until I tell them that a #4 is about the same size and will also work if they prefer) because I like metric screws better.
Most of the younger engineers, scientists, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, technicians I know and have worked with can easily work in either system of measurement and can handle both on a single project. It's mostly the older "technical guys" hard-set in their ways that denounce metric. The average American also is opposed to it, but this opposition is essentially non-present in technical fields. FWIW, it is required by most major accrediting agencies for technical college degrees (engineering, science, etc.) that students be given problems in both systems of units in the US. Most coursework will even mix units in the definition to make you deal with that.