Most (but not all) arcade monitors with an HD15 "VGA" plug are VGA capable and designed to accept PC signal levels (0.7Vpp). It may only accept up to 640x480, though. 800x600, which is the default on XP, support is less common (and anything higher is quite rare except on some relatively new "high resolution" models).
At worst, most of these models are fancy digital things that'll just shut down with an "out of range" message on screen if you go outside what they're capable of, so you're unlikely to break anything.
What model is the monitor? It's probably on a sticker somewhere. A picture of the main "chassis" board would also help ID it.