Since the surfaces are so smooth, you could use contact cement, but the MDF will soak up a lot of it.
Epoxy will do great, but you should scuff the metal with 40 grit, as well as the wood. Maybe even drill some small holes, maybe 1/4" deep into the wood. That metal is going to be WARM while the epoxy sets.
Construction adhesive is probably the best. Just scuff the surfaces, apply to both surfaces as evenly as possible. Put the pieces together in place, then remove them(this is to spread the glue more), and then re-apply and clamp.