I have a short list of modern games on my cab, and periodically try to add a new one, but there aren't that many. The ones that tend to work best for me (I'm not into fighters) are arcade refreshes like DoDonPachi Resurrection, Refender, Ether Vapor, or Ikaruga. Championship Pac Man works pretty good; and then there are the "casual" games like VVVVVV, Hexagon, and Geometry Dash. The ones that get played the most are Geometry/Grid Wars and Pinball Arcade (although Visual Pinball is arguably a better simulation).
With all that said, I should note that most "modern" games just don't work well with an arcade machine control panel at all--and that even the ones above are compromises. 90% of the time I'm playing the classics, and the modern games are mostly there as curiosities. The formula for an arcade game is drop coin, press start, and play. Any deviation from that formula kind of goes against the whole point. I already have a PC and a console for complex and "deep" gaming. The arcade cab is for something else entirely.