It's been a while since I hooked up a normal card to my J-PAC (I'm currently using an ArcadeVGA3000) but I think that anything out of range gets split to protect your monitor. Sometimes, the split screen displays OK if your monitor can figure it out, other times it's scrambled, depending on the exact frequency after the split.
Yes, that's exactly what happens. The J-PAC will split the signal if it's above the 15 KHz range. That halves the horizontal frequency but if you think about the input frequencies that steveggz posted:
48.2Khz 59.8hz NN 1024 x 768 (at the windows select screen [xp or 7])
31.4Khz 59.9hz NN 640 x 480 (when booting and you see xp logo)
31.4Khz 69.9hz NP 720 x 400 (in CMOS setup)
... that would produce this output:
24.1Khz 59.8hz -> scrambled
15.2Khz 59.9hz -> OK
15.2Khz 69.9hz -> rolling
I used HD4000 cards for a while and it made necessary to have a PC monitor around in order to go through BIOS setup screens or when booting to VGA mode to fix stuff, which was quite often during the process of drivers patching. On the other hand, with my old R 9250 you always knew that the J-PAC would provide you with an usable screen in most situations.
Personally, I'd never build a MAME cabinet without a J-PAC for monitor protection.
Yes, I think that the J-PAC is one of the most useful devices ever invented, seriously. However, I've always used them with standard arcade monitors. I'm not sure how they'll behave with a tri-sync monitor, as I remind that in order to be able to use the 31 KHz modes you need to remove the corresponding jumper, so, would that leave the door open to any frequency above that?
Another approach I've read about is using an old PCI card on the same mother board, and set the AGP/PCIe card as secondary through the BIOS setup. This will give you a blank screen during boot as the output will be driven through the first dummy PCI card, then after Windows is loaded the output will go through the AGP/PCIe card which is the one that's actually connected to the monitor. Search the web for more info about this.