To begin with, stop using Windows. It's a despicable OS that pokes around on hard drives when the drive is in no state to be poked around with.
That said, you have two choices. I think a tool like
TestDisk might work for you. Based on the tool description, it seems to be the correct one. I have copies of the tool with Slax, Knoppix, and UBCD so it's readily available and easy to find. I've never personally used it, my HDD problems are usually a lot larger than just a lost artition table. Give it a shot.
Alternatively, you can do what I'm doing right now with a drive and blindly pull the entire drive data into a
seperatedrive so you can work with it properly. The process is ugly and takes some real work. Not really for the faint of heart. DD and variants are the key to that. In your case, I would use it as a last ditch effort. Don't use the "intelligent" processors like CloneZilla (unless it has TestDisk, I'm not sure), it probably won't do what you want.