I don't know about anyone else, but I find that removing screws from wood and replacing them is a bit of a hit-or-miss affair. Much of the time, it goes fine. But I also get quite a few cases where the screw just spins in the hole without adding any real stability.
If I were you, I'd cut the pieces outside, paint them (being sure to mask off any surface where glue will be applied), and do a dry-fit (ideally just using clamps but perhaps with the help of 1 or 2 screws per edge). Once you're sure everything fits up nicely, pre-drill all of your final screw holes, haul everything upstairs, and do the final assembly with glue and screws. This way, you only run the majority of the screws into the cabinet once...
If you plan to disassemble the cabinet often, there's some pretty nice knock-down hardware available that can often be hidden reasonably well. It does require a bit of precision to install, however. I think
these connectors, which you can find from a number of different sources. You can also get peel-and-stick
caps to cover up the bolts. Lots of options there, too.