There's already an entry for aspect in mame.ini. It's normally set to auto.
You can play around with the aspect by setting it on the command line; e.g. mame64 robotron -aspect 16:9 That would look the same as -aspect auto on a 1920x1080 LCD monitor.
If you run mame64 robotron -aspect 16:8, MAME still sees the same 1920x1080 resolution, but since you're telling MAME that your screen is physically wider than the pixels would indicate; i.e. twice as wide as it is tall, instead of 1.77777 times as wide; MAME compensates by creating the picture narrower than it normally would.
Applying the same logic, using aspect 16:10 would look wider than aspect 16:9 on the same monitor.
Once you find the right aspect, you just enter it in your mame.ini. That will set it for all games. For those few games that actually are widescreen, you can create game specific ini files to override to aspect auto.
Keep in mind that aspect affects everything in the artwork system. You haven't shown a screenshot or mockup of what you're trying to do, so I can't tell if the aspect feature would work for your situation. If you're just trying to cover a bit more of your widescreen monitor with the game screen so there isn't as much black on the sides, this will do it. Try it and let us know.