Actually the tube is a huge capacitor. The graphite (black) paint on the outside of the tube, along with similar paint inside (that connects to the anode cap) causes a build up of electron charge within the tube because the glass acts as a capacitor. In fact, it can build up a charge of up to 25,000 volts.
Also, a bare tube with no wires, sitting somewhere, can build up its own charge through the air, and be dangerous. So dont assume a tube without the anode cap is safe to touch. It could zap you good!
To discharge you must remove the charge between the inner plate and outer plate. Thus you short the anode cap to the black coating on the outside of the tube.
But you only need to do this if you are removing the red wire from the top of the tube. if you don't touch that, you do not need to discharge.
See the other post in this group called "Oh Maaammma" about replacing chassis and tubes, I posted 4 messages detailing lots of stuff about monitors.