Ok, will go nuts with the multimeter when I get home.
Try checking voltages in different places (like PC case, TV video ground, grounds on transcoders, GPU video outputs, cable "shields") to see what is buzzing. Check AC voltage too. To pin it down, then unplug connectors to see if the voltages are still present.
Forgive one amateur question; when checking things that OUGHT to be ground, but might not, what's the other reference point? Some earth ground external to the whole system?
A new PSU may improve things. PCs can leak significant current to earth ground - it depends largely on the power supply. This might not be an issue if all is grounded properly. Is it grounded properly to and through the mains? Some electricians cut corners and don't bother. I've measured 220v at a PC case before (in Thailand, usually no ground pin available), but measuring ~10-12v and zaps through forearms when using laptops is not unusual.
How would I go about testing the PSU other than just seeing if the chassis is, in fact, constantly hot? I know the cable directly coming out of it is good and plugging into the power system that is at least self-reporting as properly grounded. I'll check every length of that tonight for shorts as well.
How are the transcoders powered? From a separate power brick? These can give very variable performance. It may be better to power directly from PC via USB or molex.
The Shinybow was getting its power from its own brick. The RGB2COMP was plugged in to PC USB... though sometime during The Incident I swapped it to an external power brick because I wondered if it wasn't actually getting power from the PC. Now I'm not 100% sure whether its arc happened while it was plugged in to the PC or when it had separate power. Probably when separate, but it was already somehow fried BEFORE I switched it to external power... as there was already no video coming through it, only audio.
I wonder if your "Bandridge switcher" was providing enough AC coupling and ground isolation or whatever to protect your transcoders.
It's an auto-scart switch, maybe. One of these:
https://videogameperfection.com/2016/10/20/bandridge-selector-review/