I don't think so. F3 does just like you said. Resets the game and the score tables are initialized...then when the game shuts down it saves off the data.
Sucks when you have a great score...did anyone see the post (I think at mameworld) about the glitch in galaga that lets you play briefly in the demo? Well, I wanted to see it for myself and sure enough you could control the ship...but it causes the game to 'reset' which made it lose my 637,235 hiscore. Call me cheesy, but I manually modified the galaga.hi file to put my score and initials back in.