Ray,
Usually when the self test reports bad ram, it will in fact be a chip problem. I'n not familiar with the Missile Command board, so I can't be specific. Sometimes there may be other chips involved with the ram circuits, such as addressing chips, your problem could lie there as well. But, ram chip failures are more common.
Testing ram isn't something you can do without special testers. Generally when a self test routine reports bad ram, you have to replace the suspect ram and re-run the self test and work thru the troubleshooting that way.
The first thing you can try is re-seating all the socketed chips. If that clears up your problem, you have bad sockets on the board. That's pretty common. Then carefully inspect the board for bad/cracked solder joints, broken legs on any components, improperly installed chips, or damaged traces on the board.
If you still have the same problem after that, you will probably need to try replacing the suspect ram.
To get into the vblank problem, and/or if replacing the ram doesn't clear up the ram problem, you will be looking at getting into some logic level testing. That means you will need a logic probe, or scope, and some understanding of how logic works and how those circuits operate. It's not something that's easily explained.
Since the board was missing parts, that's not usually a good indication. Usually, people won't rob parts from good, working boards.
I don't know if it's cost effective for you, but eldoradogames.com will exchange that board with you and you'll get a working board with a warranty. I've delt with them before and had good luck with them.
Good luck!
D