I would have to say your pieces do not match your diagram. The large square thing with the zinc (gold colored) plating appears to be a low frequency transformer, not a 'power distribution block'. where did you get each of the parts? The switching power supply should have a label from UL stating the input voltage and current requirements, which if you in the US would be 110V AC (the current will vary depending on its output power). The monitor and Marquee fixture may as well. I agree with the statement that you should look up the part number of stamped on the transformer.
Earth ground can either be useless or critical. In the case of the filter, the earth ground gives a place for the electrical noise to flow (rather then radiate). It is wise to use the earth connection on anything that has a metal case that can be touched. If there were a short of high voltage to the case and the earth is not in place, you will get shocked. If the earth is in place, the moment the short to case happens, a fuse or circuit breaker will trip.
You would be wise to be cautious on this, power circuits are not always forgiving if wired wrong!